(1) Describe the ninth- and tenth-century invasions. Apart from the physical destruction involved, how did they affect life in the West?
(2) Describe feudalism and manorialism.
(1).The 9th and 10th centuries were a disastrous time for the Carolingian Empire, one of uncontrolled insanity and destruction. Pandemonium was dominant throughout western Europe, with frequent attacks from three primary groups, the Muslims, Magyars, and the Vikings. These assaults were particularly violent and brutal, when attempted by the warlike, vicious Vikings. This fierce, tireless tribe dealt out terror and villainy without fail, leaving a trail of bloodshed in their wake. They became such a prevalent part of the scene, that a new prayer was added to the Catholic church"From the fury of the Norseman, good Lord deliver us." The inhabitants of these fear stricken provinces were beside themselves to know what to do. The kings were powerless to protect the citizens of their dominion, completely undependable for aid or provision.They were weak and unstable, exerting no measure of their authority. Order was dissolved altogether, and it was soon the norm to live in constant alarm and distress. Everyone was searching vainly for direction and peace, in light of the chaos surrounding them from every quarter. The Muslims overwhelmed them in Spain, whilst the Vikings were raiding cities throughout France,and the Magyars were invading Germany and Northern Italy.
The Vikings or Norseman were a group of Scandinavians, known for being wild and uncivilized to say the least. They were notorious for their merciless attitude, burning down cities and ravaging the towns to take their gold and silver. These experienced warriors also forced their victims into slavery The Muslims, who came from Africa, were also well practiced in the art of looting. They were eager to kidnap people in the places they encountered, in addition to stealing spoils. The Magyars played their own role in the misery of these raids, by torching French monasteries and bringing home the plunder.
(2) Feudalism was one of two methods or systems that people resorted to, in their desperate search for security
during the invasions. It was an exchange between a local townsperson and a member of the nobility, commonly referred to as a Lord. The Lord would give a portion of his land to a designated person who would agree to work on it as a vassal, or a holder of land.The vassal was given a land grant that afforded him his income and expected to give guidance to his Lord. As a trade-off, he would be protected by the Lord from the ruthless tribes of Vikings, Muslims etc., as they swept throughout the countryside. Lords were specifically known for ensuring that widow, orphans and the poor were taken care of.
Manorialism was similar to feudalism, but instead was a relationship between a "serf" and a Lord. The serf would maintain the land of his Lord, in return receiving food and protection. Their basic needs were fulfilled in abundance, as long as they farmed and kept the Lord's land in fine condition.
The Vikings or Norseman were a group of Scandinavians, known for being wild and uncivilized to say the least. They were notorious for their merciless attitude, burning down cities and ravaging the towns to take their gold and silver. These experienced warriors also forced their victims into slavery The Muslims, who came from Africa, were also well practiced in the art of looting. They were eager to kidnap people in the places they encountered, in addition to stealing spoils. The Magyars played their own role in the misery of these raids, by torching French monasteries and bringing home the plunder.
(2) Feudalism was one of two methods or systems that people resorted to, in their desperate search for security
during the invasions. It was an exchange between a local townsperson and a member of the nobility, commonly referred to as a Lord. The Lord would give a portion of his land to a designated person who would agree to work on it as a vassal, or a holder of land.The vassal was given a land grant that afforded him his income and expected to give guidance to his Lord. As a trade-off, he would be protected by the Lord from the ruthless tribes of Vikings, Muslims etc., as they swept throughout the countryside. Lords were specifically known for ensuring that widow, orphans and the poor were taken care of.
Manorialism was similar to feudalism, but instead was a relationship between a "serf" and a Lord. The serf would maintain the land of his Lord, in return receiving food and protection. Their basic needs were fulfilled in abundance, as long as they farmed and kept the Lord's land in fine condition.
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